Revision Facelift in Brazil: specialised secondary facelift for those who have already had a facelift
If you have already undergone a facelift and feel that the result was not as expected -- or that the effects of ageing have returned over the years -- know that there is a solution. The revision facelift, also called secondary facelift, is a specialised surgery that I perform to correct unsatisfactory results or those that have simply aged naturally over time.
As a plastic surgeon in Brazil (CRM-PR 17,388 | RQE 15,688), with over twenty years of practice and more than eight thousand surgeries performed, I have received numerous patients seeking a review of their previous facelift. Some had been operated on by other surgeons and were not satisfied with the result. Others had results that were excellent at the time, but time has taken its toll after ten or fifteen years. In both cases, the revision facelift offers a real opportunity to regain a natural facial appearance.
What differentiates the secondary facelift from a first surgery is the complexity. Operating on a face that has already been operated on requires a deep understanding of the altered anatomy, respect for scar tissue, and a meticulous surgical strategy. It is a surgery that few surgeons feel comfortable performing, but in experienced hands, it can deliver extraordinary results — often superior to the first procedure.
Why the secondary facelift is different
When I operate on a face for the first time, I encounter the anatomy in its natural state. The tissue planes are well defined, the ligaments are intact, and the vascularisation follows its original pattern. In the secondary facelift, the scenario is different: there is scar tissue, the dissection planes have been altered, and the skin may be thinner or compromised.
However, there is an advantage that few mention: the so-called "delay phenomenon." Studies published in journals such as Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery demonstrate that the skin flaps in a second surgery have better vascularisation than in the first. This occurs because the healing from the first procedure stimulates the formation of new blood vessels, making the tissues more resilient and with a lower risk of necrosis.
This is one of the reasons why, in my experience, the complication rates of the secondary facelift are similar to those of the primary facelift — provided the surgery is performed with the appropriate technique and careful planning.
When a secondary facelift is recommended
There are two main situations that lead a patient to seek a secondary facelift. Each requires a different approach, and it is essential that I understand the complete history before planning the surgery.
Natural ageing after a previous facelift
The facelift, even when performed to the highest standard, does not stop the ageing process. It "delays the clock" by ten to fifteen years, but gravity, loss of bone and fat volume, and decreased collagen continue to take effect. After this period, it is natural for signs of ageing to reappear: sagging in the cheeks, deepening of the nasolabial folds, bands in the neck, and loss of jawline definition.
In these cases, a secondary facelift is a natural continuation of caring for one's appearance. The patient has already had a positive experience with the first procedure and wishes to maintain the benefits for another decade. The surgery is often more straightforward because the deep tissues have already been adequately treated previously.
Dissatisfaction with the previous result
This is the most delicate situation. The patient seeks revision because the first facelift did not meet their expectations. The most common concerns include:
- Stretched or artificial appearance: the result of excessive tension on the skin without proper treatment of the deep layers.
- Persistent asymmetries: visible differences between the sides of the face that did not exist before the surgery.
- Ear deformity (pixie ear): the earlobe is pulled down, losing its natural shape.
- Widened or visible scars: the result of closure with excessive tension or inadequate technique.
- Short-lived result: the facelift "fell" in less than five years, usually because a superficial technique was used.
- Untreated bands in the neck: the neck was neglected in the first procedure.
- Irregular contour: irregularities in the facial or cervical surface.
In all these scenarios, my approach begins with a detailed analysis of what was done previously, understanding the technique used and the anatomical limits I will encounter during the revision.
The deep plane technique in a secondary facelift
The vast majority of previous facelifts I encounter in revision patients were performed using more superficial techniques: SMAS plication, SMASectomy, or even purely skin facelifts. In these cases, the deep plane remains virtually untouched, which gives me the opportunity to perform a truly transformative surgery.
In the deep plane facelift, dissection occurs below the SMAS, releasing the facial retaining ligaments — zygomatic, masseteric, mandibular, and cervical. This release allows me to elevate the entire muscle-aponeurotic structure as a unit, in a vertical vector that counteracts gravity.
Navigating scar tissue
The main technical challenge of a secondary facelift is the presence of scar tissue in the previous dissection planes. The good news is that, in most superficial techniques, healing occurs in the subcutaneous plane — above the SMAS. When I enter the deep plane, I often find tissues that have never been manipulated.
When the previous facelift was also performed in the deep plane, dissection requires more care, but it is still possible. Scar tissue forms identifiable planes that guide the dissection. The surgeon's experience in recognising these planes and navigating safely is what makes the difference between an excellent result and a complication.
Correction of specific deformities
Each revision case presents unique challenges. Some of the most common problems I correct include:
- Pixie ear (lobe deformity): I reconstruct the earlobe by releasing it from tension and repositioning it in its natural anatomical position.
- Widened scars: I excise the old scar and close without tension, supporting all the weight on the deep tissues.
- Stretched appearance: I release the deep ligaments to allow for a natural vertical lift, eliminating excessive lateral tension.
- Contour irregularities: I use fat grafting to smooth depressions and restore lost volume.
The role of fat grafting in revision
If there is one procedure I consider practically indispensable in a secondary facelift, it is fat grafting. Patients seeking a revision often present significant facial volume loss — either due to natural ageing or excessive fat removal in the first procedure.
Autologous fat (taken from the patient's own body) offers three fundamental benefits in revision:
- Volume replacement: fills areas that have become skeletal or concave, such as temples, cheekbones, and deep folds.
- Skin regeneration: the stem cells present in fat (ADSCs) secrete growth factors that improve skin quality, stimulate collagen, and renew microcirculation.
- Concealment of irregularities: fat acts as a biological "mattress" that softens irregular contours left by the previous surgery.
I use fat in three different preparations: millifat for deep volume, microfat for intermediate folds, and nanofat (rich in stem cells) for skin regeneration. This layered approach ensures a balanced and natural result.
When volume is the real problem
In many patients who come to me dissatisfied with their previous facelift, I notice that the main issue is not residual sagging, but volume loss. The face appears skeletal, with deep shadows and angular contours that give an aged appearance and, paradoxically, a "surgical" look.
In these cases, fat grafting plays a role as important as the facelift itself. The combination of tissue repositioning with volumisation restores a natural facial appearance in a surprising way. Many of my revision patients report that the final result is superior to what they had with the first facelift.
Treatment of the neck in revision
The neck is often the most neglected area in the first facelift. Many patients arrive with a reasonably treated face, but a neck that reveals their age — with prominent platysmal bands, residual submental fat, and loss of the cervicomental angle.
In a secondary facelift, I pay special attention to the neck. Through a discreet submental incision (under the chin), I access the deep structures and perform:
- Platysmaplasty: I bring the medial platysmal bands closer together that have separated over time, restoring the cervical contour.
- Removal of subplatysmal fat: I eliminate the deep fat that conventional liposuction cannot reach.
- Treatment of the digastric muscle: when the anterior belly of the digastric muscle contributes to excessive volume under the chin, I perform a partial reduction.
- Evaluation of the submandibular gland: in selected cases, ptosis or hypertrophy of the salivary gland needs to be addressed.
Cervical dissection in a secondary facelift connects with facial dissection, allowing for a continuous elevation of the platysma and SMAS. The result is a defined and natural-looking neck that complements facial rejuvenation.
The Auersvald haemostatic mesh
Just like in a primary facelift, I use the haemostatic mesh developed by Drs. André and Luiz Auersvald in all my secondary facelifts. This technique consists of transfixing sutures that eliminate dead space, drastically reducing the risk of haematoma and eliminating the need for drains. The mesh is removed in forty-eight hours at the clinic, simply and painlessly.
Combined procedures in a secondary facelift
A secondary facelift is rarely an isolated procedure. To achieve the best possible result, I often combine other procedures in the same surgical time:
Blepharoplasty
The eyelids age independently and often need attention in revision. Excess skin on the upper eyelids and fat bags on the lower can be corrected simultaneously, significantly complementing facial rejuvenation.
Brow lift
With progressive ageing, the eyebrows tend to droop, especially on the lateral portion. A brow lift restores openness and vitality to the gaze, complementing the facelift perfectly.
Rhinoplasty
Some patients take advantage of the facial revision to undergo a rhinoplasty, correcting aspects of the nose that contribute to an aged appearance, such as a drooping nasal tip or widening of the base.
Filler and botulinum toxin
After complete healing from the facelift (about three to four weeks), I complement the result with botulinum toxin in the forehead, glabella, and crow's feet. At my clinic, we have a team of dermatologists who perform these refinements with precision.
Male facelift
Men who have already had a facelift also seek revision. The male secondary facelift requires special attention to preserving natural masculine features, such as the position of sideburns and the angular contour of the jawline.
The consultation for the secondary lift
The pre-operative consultation for a revision lift is more detailed than for a primary lift. I need to understand not only your current anatomy but also your entire surgical history. Some fundamental information I seek:
What I assess in the consultation
- Technique used in the previous lift: SMAS, deep plane, mini facelift, just skin? Each technique leaves different marks on the anatomy.
- Time since the previous surgery: I recommend waiting at least twelve months after the first procedure to allow for complete tissue maturation.
- Skin quality: very thin skin, sun-damaged or with extensive scars requires specific planning.
- Patient expectations: it is essential that expectations are realistic. The revision can significantly improve the result, but every surgery has its limits.
- Previous photographs: when possible, I request before and after photographs of the first lift to understand the evolution.
- Asymmetries and deformities: I map each irregularity to plan precise correction.
Pre-operative exams
I request the same exams as for the primary lift, with extra attention to cardiovascular health, as many revision patients are a bit older:
- Complete blood count
- PT with INR + APTT
- Creatinine and urea
- Fasting blood glucose
- Total proteins and fractions
- Urinalysis
- ECG
- Pre-operative cardiac assessment
Medication discontinuation
Two weeks before and two weeks after the surgery, you should discontinue: acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin, ASA), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, high doses of vitamin E, Ginkgo biloba, high doses of omega 3, and arnica. Smoking should be stopped for the same period — nicotine compromises blood circulation and significantly increases the risk of complications, especially in a revision where the tissues already have scars.
The surgery: how I perform the secondary lift
The duration of a secondary facelift varies between four and six hours, depending on the complexity of the case and combined procedures. It is performed under general anaesthesia in a properly equipped theatre.
Planning the incisions
Whenever possible, I use the same scars from the previous lift. This avoids new marks and allows me to excise the old scar, replacing it with a new, finer, and more delicate scar. The incisions follow the same classic path: within the hair in the temporal region, in the pre-auricular fold, around the earlobe, and continuing behind the ear.
If the patient has earlobe deformity (pixie ear), I reconstruct this area with a specific technique, releasing the earlobe from tension and restoring its natural shape.
Dissection and repositioning
The dissection in the secondary lift follows the principles of deep plane, but with adaptations. In cases where the first lift was superficial, I find the deep plane practically untouched and can work with the same freedom as in a primary surgery. When the first procedure involved the deep plane, I navigate through the scar planes with extra care, identifying the ligaments and releasing them to allow for vertical repositioning.
Fat grafting
After repositioning the deep tissues, I apply fat to areas that need volume: temples, cheekbones, nasolabial folds, marionette lines, and jaw contour. The nanofat is distributed superficially across the face to stimulate skin regeneration.
Tension-free closure
The most important principle of closure in the secondary lift is: all tension must be borne by the deep tissues, never by the skin. The skin is simply redraped over the new structure, without stretching. This is what ensures fine scars and a natural result, without a "pulled" appearance.
Application of the haemostatic mesh
I finish with the Auersvald haemostatic mesh, which will be removed in forty-eight hours. This technique is especially valuable in revisions, as scar tissues can bleed more easily.
Recovery from a secondary facelift
The recovery from the secondary lift is very similar to that of the primary lift, with some particularities:
First 48 hours
You will remain with a compressive dressing and the haemostatic mesh. There will be swelling and some discomfort, controlled with paracetamol and prescribed medication. Keep your head elevated and apply cold compresses as directed. Return to the clinic in forty-eight hours for mesh removal.
First week
Swelling peaks between the second and third day and begins to decrease progressively. Some patients may have bruising (purple spots) that can extend to the neck due to gravity. This is normal and resolves spontaneously in ten to fourteen days.
Swelling and healing
In some revision cases, swelling may be slightly prolonged compared to the primary lift, due to the presence of scar tissue that hinders lymphatic drainage. This is temporary and does not compromise the final result. Most of my patients are presentable for social activities in two to three weeks.
First month
Gradual return to normal activities. Avoid intense exercise, direct sun exposure, and any trauma to the face. Sleep on your back. Most sutures are removed or absorbed in the first or second week.
Progressive result
The result refines over the months. Between six months and a year, you will see the definitive result. And this result will last again for ten to fifteen years, restoring the confidence and natural appearance you sought.
Risks and complications of the secondary lift
It is important to be transparent about the risks. A secondary facelift is a more complex surgery than the primary, but that does not mean it is more dangerous. With proper technique and careful planning, complication rates are comparable to those of the primary lift.
General risks
- Haematoma: the most common complication in any lift. The Auersvald haemostatic mesh drastically reduces this risk.
- Infection: rare with adequate antibiotic prophylaxis and proper post-operative care.
- Unsightly scars: minimised by tension-free closure and removal of previous scars.
Specific risks of revision
- Nerve injury: the presence of scar tissue can make identifying the facial nerves more difficult. My experience with deep facial anatomy and meticulous dissection technique significantly minimises this risk.
- Vascular compromise of the skin: in rare cases, skin circulation may be impaired, especially in smokers. However, the previously mentioned "delayed phenomenon" acts as a protective factor.
- Residual asymmetry: even with meticulous planning, some degree of asymmetry may persist, although significantly less than before the revision.
In the pre-operative consultation, I discuss each of these risks in detail, evaluating your specific case and jointly determining if the risk-benefit ratio is favourable.
My experience with secondary facelifts
I graduated from the State University of Londrina (Brazil) and had the privilege of being a student of Professor Ivo Pitanguy, the greatest name in Brazilian plastic surgery and one of the most respected in the world. With him, I learned not only surgical techniques but a philosophy of respect for the patient and an incessant pursuit of excellence.
Over more than twenty years of practice, I have performed over eight thousand plastic surgeries. I am a full member of the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery (SBCP) and the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS). I regularly participate in national and international congresses, keeping myself updated with the advances in the specialty.
A secondary facelift demands everything a surgeon can offer: deep anatomical knowledge, experience with different techniques, refined surgical judgement, and the ability to improvise when altered anatomy presents surprises during the procedure. It is not a surgery for those who are just starting. It is the surgery that demands the most technical maturity.
Why trust me for your revision
I do not promise miracles. I promise honesty, refined technique, and complete dedication to your result. If during the consultation I perceive that the revision will not bring significant benefit, or that the risks outweigh the gains in your specific case, I will say this clearly. I prefer to be honest than to create unrealistic expectations.
What I can guarantee is that every secondary lift I perform receives the same level of dedication and meticulous planning that I dedicate to any surgery. For me, the revision is not a minor procedure — it is an opportunity to deliver the result you deserved from the beginning.
Frequently Asked Questions about Secondary Facelift
How long should I wait to have a secondary facelift after the first one?
I recommend waiting at least twelve months after the first facelift. This period allows for the complete maturation of the scars, stabilisation of the tissues, and total resolution of swelling. In cases of dissatisfaction with the result, this time also allows for a more accurate assessment of what really needs to be corrected.
Is the secondary facelift riskier than the first one?
Not necessarily. Scientific studies show that, with the proper technique, complication rates are comparable to those of the primary facelift. The "delayed phenomenon" improves the vascularisation of the flaps, and the surgeon's experience in navigating the scar planes minimises risks. The key is to choose a surgeon with specific experience in revisions.
Is it possible to correct earlobe deformity (pixie ear)?
Yes, this is one of the most common corrections in secondary facelift. The pixie ear deformity occurs when the skin is sutured under excessive tension, pulling the earlobe down. In the revision, I release the earlobe from the traction, reconstruct its insertion, and close without tension, supporting all the weight on the deep tissues. The result is a naturally appearing earlobe.
Can I have the revision done by a different surgeon than the first one?
Yes, and this is quite common. Many of my revision patients were originally operated on by other surgeons. There is no ethical or technical impediment. The important thing is that you feel confident and comfortable with the chosen surgeon for the revision, and that they have proven experience in secondary facelifts.
How long does the result of the secondary facelift last?
The result lasts approximately the same period as the primary facelift: ten to fifteen years. Some factors may influence this, such as genetics, skincare, sun protection, and lifestyle habits. Patients who take good care of their skin and avoid factors that accelerate ageing (such as smoking and excessive sun exposure) tend to maintain the result for longer.
Is it possible to have a third facelift?
Yes, although it is less common. The recommendation depends on the quality of the tissues, the overall health of the patient, and realistic expectations. Each subsequent surgery requires more experience and planning, but it is technically feasible in many cases.
Does the secondary facelift completely eliminate the scars from the first one?
In most cases, I can remove the old scars and replace them with new, more refined scars. As the closure in the deep plane is performed without tension on the skin, the new scars tend to be thinner and less noticeable than the previous ones. However, the quality of healing also depends on individual factors such as genetics and skin type.
Can the mini facelift be used as a revision?
In selected cases of mild ageing after a well-executed primary facelift, a mini facelift may be sufficient. However, in most revision cases — especially when there is dissatisfaction with the previous result — the complete facelift with deep plane technique offers far superior and longer-lasting results.
Is fat grafting necessary in secondary facelift?
It is not mandatory, but it is highly recommended. Facial volume loss is an important component of ageing, and revision patients often present more pronounced atrophy. The fat grafting not only replenishes lost volume but also promotes skin regeneration through adipose stem cells.
How much does a secondary facelift cost?
The cost of a secondary facelift tends to be similar to or slightly higher than that of the primary facelift, depending on the complexity of the case and combined procedures. Each case is evaluated individually during the consultation. What I can say is that, when compared to the accumulated cost of non-surgical aesthetic treatments over the years, the cost of a revision facelift proves to be extremely advantageous.
Can I have facial fillers before deciding on surgical revision?
Yes, and in some cases, fillers can be a good temporary option. However, it is important to understand that fillers treat volume, not sagging. If the main issue is sagging skin and descended tissues, fillers will not replace surgery. During the consultation, I assess each case and recommend the best approach.
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Dr. Walter Zamarian Jr.
Plastic Surgeon - Brazil
Rua Engenheiro Omar Rupp, 186
Londrina - Brazil
ZIP 86015-360
Brazil
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